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ELC2014 - Advanced English for University Studies

Primary V.S. Secondary Sources

When conducting research, it's essential to gather information and evidence from different types of sources.

Primary sources offer raw and first-hand evidence that allows you to directly access the original information.

Secondary sources provide information and commentary from other researchers.

While primary sources are more credible as evidence, conducting thorough research involves using both primary and secondary sources to allow you building a more comprehensive understanding of your topic.

Examples of sources that can be primary or secondary

"A secondary source can become a primary source depending on your research question. If the person, context, or technique that produced the source is the main focus of your research, it becomes a primary source." (Streefkerk, 2023)

Documentaries
If you are researching the causes of World War II, a recent documentary about the war is a secondary source. But if you are researching the filmmaking techniques used in historical documentaries, the documentary is a primary source.

 

Newspaper articles
If your aim is to analyze the government’s economic policy, a newspaper article about a new policy is a secondary source. But if your aim is to analyze media coverage of economic issues, the newspaper article is a primary source.

 

Reference:
Streefkerk, R. (2023). Primary vs. Secondary Sources | Difference & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/primary-and-secondary-sources/

Try the quiz to test your understanding of the concepts!

Which of the following articles is a Primary Research Article? 

1. Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health
Article 1 link: https://polyu.hk/qykTV

2. Examining associations between area-level spatial measures of housing with selected health and wellbeing behaviours and outcomes in an urban context
Article 2 link: https://polyu.hk/DEfuE