Library Online Guide for EndNote X9

It is a good habit to check if the information of the imported references is correct and accurate. You can correct the information manually when necessary.

1. Check from the preview panel if the information of the imported reference is correct.
2. Double-click to open the reference record.
3. Correct the information, if needed.
4. Close and save the change(s).

Click to see steps in screenshots

Follow the steps below in case bulk change is needed:

1. Click on Tools.
2. Select Change/Move/Copy Fields...
3. Specify which field to change.
4. Make the bulk change with options provided.

Click to see steps in screenshots

Groups in EndNote can help you organize references by different subjects so that you can quickly locate the reference later on. One reference can be assigned to different groups. References added to or deleted from groups will not affect the master record of your library under “All References”. 

1. Click on Groups.
2. Select Create Group.
3. Name the group created. You can then use drag-and-drop to add references into the group(s).

Click to see steps in screenshots

You may also use "Smart Group" to automatically add references to a group based on assigned criteria. Note that references deleted from a Smart Group will also be deleted from "All References".

1. Click on Groups.
2. Select Create Smart Group.
3. Name the smart group.
4. Set criteria for the smart group.
5. References that match the criteria will be automatically added into the smart group.

Click to see steps in screenshots

You can attach up to 45 files to a single reference, including PDF, MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, JPEG, etc. You may follow the steps below:

1. Simply drag and drop the file(s) onto a reference, OR
2. Click on the clip icon, then select Attach PDF... to attach file(s).
3. You can view the PDF in a new window, or edit the PDF with highlight, underline or annotations.

Click to see steps in screenshots

By default, the PDF files attached in your reference library are saved in an independent folder under [reference library name].Data > PDF. Annotation, highlight, and other changes on the PDF files will also be saved there.

You can sort references by clicking on the corresponding column header: 

Tips: Sorting by "Title" helps you identify duplicate titles; sorting by "Author" helps you find works from the same author.

You can drag the column header to change the sequence of fields to display: 

You can personalize the column header with the steps below:

1. Right-click on the column header row.
2. Select the column header you wish to add, e.g. Rating. The maximum no. of headers to display is 10.
3. Uncheck the existing header if you wish to remove it from the header row.

You can make use of "Label" and "Research Notes" fields to add tags and comments for the references. These two fields are usually empty in the imported references.

1. Double-click on a reference to open the reference record.
2. Scroll down until you see the Label and Research Notes fields. Add tags in the Label fields and personal comments in the Research Notes fields if needed.
   (We do not recommend you to use the Notes field as references imported from some databases may "occupy" this field.)
3. Close the reference record to save the change(s).

The tag and research notes added can be searched within EndNote:

1. Use the Quick Search box to search for references, OR
2. Use the Search Panel to search within a field.

Click to see steps in screenshots

To identify duplicate references, you can use the Find Duplicates function as shown below:

1. Click on References.
2. Select Find Duplicates.
3. Fields with discrepancies will be highlighted.
4. Decide which record to keep.
5. If you have many duplicate references, and you wish to remove duplicates in one go (it is not important to you which reference will be removed), then click on Cancel to show all duplicate records.
6. Finally, press the "Delete" button on your keyboard to remove all highlighted duplicates in one go.

Click to see steps in screenshots

This is particularly helpful when you are doing a systematic review, where you need to de-duplicate quite a number of references imported from different databases.

By default, EndNote detects duplication based on information in fields for Author, Year, Title and Reference Type. You can change the criteria with the steps below:

1. Click on EndNote X9.
2. Select Preferences...
3. Select Duplicates.
4. Change the criteria if needed.

Click to see steps in screenshots

Tips: Unchecking the Author field can help you find more duplicates because you may have 2 identical articles with slightly different name format (full name vs. initials).

To avoid loss of your references, we recommend to backup your EndNote library using either one of the following options:

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